Dysphagia and its impact on the quality of life of head and neck cancer patients: institution-based cross-sectional s tudy

Table 2 Mean differences of MDADI subscales according to clinical and treatment variables of participants

Variable		MDADI (Mean ± SD)
Variable	All questions	Composite mean	Global	Emotional	Functional	Physical
Time since diagnosis
New	52.1 ± 17.1	51.9 ± 15.4	44.6 ± 24.3	55.9 ± 16.9	56.5 ± 17.9	47.4 ± 19.0
6–12 months	52.9 ± 17.4	53.1 ± 16.2	46.7 ± 24.4	54.4 ± 18.9	55.8 ± 17.2	50.7 ± 18.9
More than year ago	55.3 ± 16.6	55.1 ± 16.3	41.9 ± 20.2	60.1 ± 16.2	61.3 ± 17.4	50.2 ± 20.3
P	0.729	0.333	0.707	0.389	0.389	0.749
Primary tumor site
Oral cavity/Oropharyngeal	57.4 ± 20.8	57.4 ± 18.4	52.0 ± 28.1	59.3 ± 20.9	60.7 ± 20.5	54.5 ± 22.8
Nasal cavity/Nasopharyngeal	55.0 ± 16.4	54.7 ± 16.1	43.9 ± 21.1	59.0 ± 16.4	59.9 ± 16.9	50.8 ± 19.8
Larynx/ Hypo pharyngeal	47.2 ± 11.5	47.5 ± 11.2	38.1 ± 18.2	50.9 ± 13.8	51.9 ± 14.1	42.7 ± 12.2
P	0.044*	0.040*	0.058*	0.086	0.084	0.045*
Tumor T stage
Initial	57.5 ± 18.2	57.7 ± 15.8	50.7 ± 24.9	60.5 ± 18.4	61.8 ± 16.8	53.4 ± 20.8
Advanced	50.6 ± 15.6	50.3 ± 15.3	40.3 ± 20.8	54.0 ± 16.4	54.9 ± 17.6	46.8 ± 17.9
P	0.042*	0.019*	0.024*	0.067	0.049*	0.092
Type of carcinoma
Squamous cell	53.0 ± 16.6	53.3 ± 15.8	44.4 ± 22.1	56.0 ± 17.8	57.2 ± 17.2	49.5 ± 18.8
Adenocarcinoma	55.6 ± 19.5	54.7 ± 17.4	48.7 ± 25.5	58.3 ± 18.9	60.2 ± 20.2	51.5 ± 22.0
Other	51.3 ± 15.1	51.2 ± 14.4	38.7 ± 23.3	56.7 ± 13.9	56.0 ± 15.0	45.8 ± 17.2
P	0.730	0.803	0.425	0.874	0.725	0.676
Treatment modality
Single modality treatment	50.5 ± 14.7	50.1 ± 14.0	40.9 ± 20.7	55.4 ± 15.9	55.7 ± 16.9	45.2 ± 16.7
Multi-modality treatment	55.5 ± 18.3	55.8 ± 16.9	47.2 ± 24.5	57.5 ± 18.6	59.2 ± 17.9	52.6 ± 20.6
P	0.148	0.072	0.170	0.555	0.328	0.054

t-test (for two groups comparison) and one-way ANOVA (for three and above group comparison) were employed, *Significant at p value less than 0.05

ISSN: 1756-0500